Polkadot is a next-generation blockchain protocol designed to support multiple chains within a single network. If you're new to this ecosystem, one of the first things you'll need is a Polkadot account. This guide walks you through the essentials—from creating your first account using the Polkadot.js extension to understanding key concepts like account formats and existential deposits.
What Can You Do with a Polkadot Account?
A Polkadot account allows you to interact with various applications and services across the Polkadot network. Here are some common use cases:
- Store DOT, KSM, and other ecosystem tokens.
- Transfer tokens and check balances.
- Participate in staking (also known as nomination).
- Use decentralized applications (dApps).
- Join parachain crowdloans.
- Claim airdrops from community initiatives.
- Engage in on-chain governance, such as voting or submitting proposals.
- Apply for and receive treasury tips.
- And much more.
Tools for Account Management
Two widely used tools for managing accounts and assets in the Polkadot ecosystem are:
- Polkadot.js Browser Extension
- Polkadot.js Web App
This guide focuses on the browser extension, which offers a user-friendly and secure way to create and manage accounts.
How to Create an Account Using Polkadot.js
Follow these steps to set up your account safely.
Step 1: Install the Extension
Visit the official Polkadot.js extension page using a desktop browser like Chrome or Firefox. Download and install the extension.
Step 2: Create a New Account
Open the extension and click the “+” button. You will see several options:
- Create new account: Generate a new account with a 12-word mnemonic seed phrase.
- Derive from an account: Create a new account linked to an existing one using the same seed phrase.
- Import account from pre-existing seed: Recover an account using a seed phrase from another wallet.
- Restore account from backup JSON file: Import an account using a JSON backup file.
Select “Create new account” to proceed.
Step 3: Save Your Seed Phrase
Write down the 12-word seed phrase and store it securely. Never share this phrase with anyone. Confirm that you’ve saved it, then click “Next.”
👉 Learn more about secure seed management
Step 4: Set an Account Name and Password
Choose a descriptive account name and a strong password. Click “Add the account with the generated seed.” Your account is now ready.
Understanding Address Formats Across Chains
The same account can be used across Polkadot, Kusama, Karura, Astar, and other Substrate-based networks. However, the address may appear different on each chain due to the SS58 encoding standard.
In the Polkadot.js extension, you can toggle between different address formats. For example:
- Polkadot addresses usually start with “1”.
- Kusama addresses often begin with capital letters like C, D, or F.
- Generic Substrate addresses start with “5”.
These visual differences don’t change the underlying private or public keys. Your account remains the same—only its representation changes based on the network.
What Is the Existential Deposit?
The Existential Deposit (ED) is the minimum amount of tokens required to keep an account active on the blockchain. If your balance falls below the ED, the account may be reaped (i.e., deactivated), and any remaining tokens will be lost.
This mechanism helps prevent bloating the network with insignificant or unused accounts. Each token may have its own ED. For example:
- Polkadot: 1 DOT
- Kusama: 0.0000333333 KSM
- Statemine: 0.1 DOT or 0.000003333 KSM
- Karura: 0.1 KAR, 0.01 kUSD, 0.0001 KSM, or 0.0001 LKSM
When transferring tokens, ensure the remaining balance is above the ED. If your account is reaped, you can restore it using your seed phrase—but you’ll need to deposit tokens exceeding the ED to reactivate it.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Polkadot.js extension?
The Polkadot.js browser extension is a tool that lets users interact with the Polkadot ecosystem securely. It helps manage accounts, sign transactions, and connect to dApps without exposing private keys.
Can I use one account on multiple chains?
Yes. A single account (with one seed phrase) can be used across all Substrate-based chains. The address format may look different, but the private key remains the same.
What happens if I lose my seed phrase?
Your seed phrase is the only way to recover your account. If lost, you cannot regain access to your assets. Always store it securely offline.
Is there a fee for creating an account?
No. Account creation is free. However, you must deposit tokens meeting the existential deposit to activate the account on-chain.
Can I change my address format?
Yes. In the Polkadot.js extension, you can switch how your address is displayed—but this does not change the actual account or keys.
What is the difference between Polkadot and Kusama?
Polkadot is the main network focused on stability and governance. Kusama is a canary network with faster upgrades and higher risk, often used for testing new features.
Now that you’ve created your account and learned the basics, you’re ready to explore staking, governance, crowdloans, and more. Always remember to keep your seed phrase safe and be mindful of minimum balance requirements.